• The first described synthetic FFA active agonist GW phenoxyp

  2022-07-01

  

  The first described synthetic FFA1 active agonist, GW9508 (4- [(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl]amino benzenepropanoic acid), was immediately shown to also activate FFA4, although with some 100-fold lower potency [38]. Therefore, in the initial absence of FFA4-selective synthetic agonist ligands, GW9508 was

• G protein coupled receptor GPCR ligands can be

  2022-07-01

  

  G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) ligands can be classified as either orthosteric or allosteric modulators. Orthosteric and endogenous ligands bind to the same site, which is topologically distinct from the allosteric site. In general, the binding domains of different orthosteric ligands may not exa

• ATP as a transmitter can be released

  2022-07-01

  

  ATP as a transmitter can be released from injured Pertussis Toxin and sensory nerve endings (Sperlágh et al., 1995, Sperlágh et al., 1997, Sperlágh et al., 1998, Burnstock, 2013, Burnstock, 2014). ATP can activate the P2X3 receptor in the DRG neurons (Gao et al., 2011a; Xu et al., 2012). In DRG neur

• Glial cells have emerged as important

  2022-07-01

  

  Glial cells have emerged as important protagonists of the central nervous system (CNS) physiology (Chen and Swanson, 2003; Kettenmann and Verkhratsky, 2008; Parpura and Verkhratsky, 2012). As widely described in the literature, astrocytes regulate glutamatergic synapses by clearance of glutamate in

• br Materials animals and methods br

  2022-07-01

  

  Materials, animals and methods Results Discussion This study presents mice with a missense point mutation in R258 of FFAR1 that has functional consequences. Firstly, in islets of Ffar1R258W/R258W mice, both the physiological agonist palmitate and the synthetic agonist TUG-469 were unable to

• Ning et al showed that LPC appeared

  2022-07-01

  

  Ning et al. showed that LPC 18:1 appeared to increase insulin release through both GPR119-dependent and -independent mechanisms (Ning et al., 2008). In our study, we have shown that not only GPR119 but also GPR40 and GPR55 participate in LPC-stimulated insulin secretion (Fig. 4, Fig. 5) and target p

• br Genetic rescue of GluR A dependent

  2022-07-01

  

  Genetic rescue of GluR-A-dependent spatial working memory Spatial working memory performance in GluR-A−/− mice can be restored by the forebrain-specific DPNI-caged-GABA of GluR-A subunits labeled with green-fluorescent protein (GFP) on an otherwise GluR-A knockout background (Schmitt et al., 2005

• There are also data showing potential beneficial effects of

  2022-07-01

  

  There are also data showing potential beneficial effects of SGLT2i on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) [[14], [15], [16], [17]], a hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome that has been linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) development and increased cardiovascular (CV) as well as

• The C terminal regions in both FGF and FGF

  2022-06-30

  

  The C-terminal regions in both FGF19 and FGF21 define their KLB interaction [15], [16], [23], [25]. However, less than 40% identity in comparative alignment of C-terminal sequences for these two proteins (Table 1) suggests that their interaction with KLB may require higher-order association with oth

• NMR analyses support the above statement Compound is

  2022-06-30

  

  NMR analyses support the above statement. Compound 32 is an interesting example of an isosteric analog of compounds 12–14. It has been demonstrated that 32 forms a rather stable six-membered ring via a hydrogen bond based on the chemical shift of the phosphorus cholinesterase inhibitors at the C-3

• Thus from this preliminary study a working model of HIV

  2022-06-30

  

  Thus from this preliminary study, a working model of HIV-1 integrase was developed from which a selective inhibitor of the strand-transfer reaction displaying whole-cell activity and negligible cytotoxicity was produced. Compound 9 provides a promising scaffold for further elaboration, and current i

• br Discussion In our study the prevalence of severe

  2022-06-30

  

  Discussion In our study the prevalence of severe periodontitis in patients with HIV infection was 66%, almost twice as high as in uninfected controls. Our results are in line with the prevalence of severe periodontitis found in HIV-infected patients in London, United Kingdom in the pre-cART era:

• br Introduction Lysine acetylation is an important post tran

  2022-06-30

  

  Introduction Lysine acetylation is an important post-translational modification that is found on numerous cellular proteins, including both histone and non-histone proteins [1], [2]. Dynamic acetylation and deacetylation is regulated by enzymes called histone acetyltransferases (HATs) as writers

• Cell cell junction proteins were the

  2022-06-30

  

  Cell-cell junction proteins were the first upstream modules to be characterized as contact sensors through the Hippo pathway. These junctions may be divided in 2 categories: adherens and epithelial polarity junctions. The establishment of intercellular contacts involves the cadherin proteins present

• Freinkel first reported in the late

  2022-06-30

  

  Freinkel first reported in the late 1960s that maternal hypertriglyceridemia benefits the fetus during starvation by increasing maternal consumption of triglyceride for ketone body synthesis giving the basis for “accelerated starvation” theory [4,5]. This maternal metabolic reprogramming during peri

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