• br Endogenous and synthetic ligands of GPR There are

  2022-07-12

  

  Endogenous and synthetic ligands of GPR55 There are currently limited commercially available synthetic agonists and antagonists that are specific for GPR55. A large number of studies have investigated the pharmacology of GPR55 4, 23, 25, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, with contradictory findings reporte

• GPR is present primarily in the pancreas

  2022-07-12

  

  GPR119 is present primarily in the pancreas and the intestine. Activation of GPR119 increases insulin, GLP-1, GIP and PYY secretion. GPR119 agonists stimulate insulin release in a glucose-dependent manner. The glucose dependent insulin secretion (GIDS) mechanism makes GPR119 an attractive target for

• Introduction Carbohydrates are some of the

  2022-07-11

  

  Introduction Carbohydrates are some of the most stereochemically complex biological molecules found in nature. In addition to their energetic and structural roles in living systems, their role when covalently linked to proteins is critically important in a myriad of molecular recognition processes.

• It is an aspiring task to apply the

  2022-07-11

  

  It is an aspiring task to apply the glutamate biosensor for in vivo measurements in BMS 493 tissue. Due to a relatively large size of the electrode used in this work, the biosensor fits only ex vivo applications. However, it is possible to apply platinum microelectrodes 50–100 μm in diameter for the

• Polyunsaturated fatty acids PUFAs represent a

  2022-07-11

  

  Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) represent a class of lipids that contain two or more carbon double (unsaturated) bonds (CC) and classified as n-3, n-6 and n-9 fatty acids. PUFAs including n-3 such as docosahexaenoic OG-L002 receptor (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and n-6 such as arachidonic

• br Regulation of Glu transporters The pivotal role

  2022-07-11

  

  Regulation of Glu transporters The pivotal role of Glu transporters in the fine tuning and turnover of this excitatory amino corticosterone calls for a detailed characterization of its regulation. Several general mechanisms that modify Glu uptake activity have been described. These include trans

• Wiskostatin Post translational modifications of the GR can a

  2022-07-11

  

  Post-translational modifications of the GR can alter the transcriptional effects of GR activation [31], and may provide a mechanism for the interactions between cell signaling pathways and GR-mediated transcriptional activity. Dex-BSA treatment reportedly increased p38 MAPK activation in CD14-positi

• br Presenilins and Wnt catenin signalling Several groups hav

  2022-07-11

  

  Presenilins and Wnt/β-catenin signalling Several groups have provided substantial data indicating that PS1 acts as a negative modulator of the transcriptional activity of the β-catenin/Tcf-4 complex (Fig. 4) [120], [121], [122]. β-Catenin is a multifunctional protein that was first described as a

• glycogen phosphorylase NMDARs are glutamate gated ionotropic

  2022-07-11

  

  NMDARs are glutamate-gated ionotropic receptors that are involved in excitatory neurotransmission and plasticity (Traynelis et al., 2010). There have been several reports showing that neurosteroids acting as negative modulators of NMDARs exert neuroprotective activity in both in vitro and in vivo mo

• br Summary br Conflict of

  2022-07-11

  

  Summary Conflict of interest Acknowledgments This study was supported by Grant No. 2014/13/B/NZ7/02277 from the National Science Centre, Poland. Introduction Progesterone (P) is an anticonvulsant hormone (Backstrom et al., 1984, Herzog, 1995, Herzog, 1999, Frye et al., 2000, Reddy, 2002

• Of the cases identified herein three known and

  2022-07-11

  

  Of the 52 cases identified herein, three known and 11 novel FGFR fusion partners were identified. Notably, an oligomerization domain, including coiled-coil dimerization domains similar to that seen in echinoderm microtubule associated protein like 4 gene (EML4), which is the most common ALK partner

• A breakthrough in the understanding of the unique properties

  2022-07-11

  

  A breakthrough in the understanding of the unique properties of GPX4-downregulation-induced cell death was accomplished when Seiler et al. in 2008 demonstrated the role of 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX), a polyunsaturated fatty 6015 metabolizing enzyme [92], in the execution of GPX4-knockout-mediate

• Interestingly the subcellular localization of FBPase in hepa

  2022-07-11

  

  Interestingly, the subcellular localization of FBPase in hepatocytes and proximal tubule Z-YVAD-FMK reveals that FBPase is also able to translocate to the nucleus in these cell types. The nuclear localization of muscle-FBPase was recently reported [35]. This data corroborate our results on the abili

• br Hydroxyfarnesyl diphosphate was synthesised in three step

  2022-07-11

  

  12-Hydroxyfarnesyl diphosphate (6) was synthesised in three steps starting from commercially available (E,E)-farnesol (10) (Scheme 5). Chlorination of 10 gave farnesyl chloride (11) in a quantitative yield, which was carried forward without purification. The following step was a selenium dioxide-c

• Rivaroxaban synthesis The PI K AKT pathway is known to affec

  2022-07-11

  

  The PI3K/AKT pathway is known to affect cell cycle, survival, and apoptosis (Yu et al., 2006; Park et al., 2008). After phosphorylation by AKT, the cytoplasmic apoptotic protein bad (bcl-xl/bcl-2) cannot be transferred to the mitochondria and dissociates from the inhibition protein bcl-2 and bcl-xl,

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