• Estrogens Definition and history The term

  2020-12-22

  

  Estrogens: Definition and history The term “estrogens” refers to a group of female hormones, including estrone, estradiol, estriol, and estretrol (Fig. 1). Chemically, estrogens belong to the family of organic compounds known as steroids. As such, their core structure is composed of 17 carbon-carbo

• The Eph ephrin signaling system has

  2020-12-22

  

  The Eph–ephrin signaling system has the ability to elicit bidirectional signaling, classical forward signaling by both Eph receptor via its intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and reverse signaling by the transmembrane ephrin ligand via its cytoplasmic domain [38], [39]. Thus when EphB4 binds with ep

• Co operation or synergy between PKA and Epac has

  2020-12-22

  

  Co-operation or synergy between PKA and Epac has been recently reported in PCCL3 thyroid cell line in which cAMP is pro-mitogenic, in 6-MP mg to VSMC [19]. Our study demonstrates for the first time that PKA and Epac also synergise to inhibit cell proliferation in a cell type where cAMP in anti-mitog

• br Funding This work was supported by intramural funding

  2020-12-22

  

  Funding This work was supported by intramural funding of the Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen. Acknowledgments Introduction Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a central second messenger that controls a plethora of vital functions.

• rxr receptor br Conclusions Enzyme prodrug therapy mediated

  2020-12-22

  

  Conclusions Enzyme prodrug therapy mediated by implantable biomaterials combines the benefits offered by the site specific drug delivery techniques and the systemic administration of drugs. From the former, SMEPT inherits the localized mode of drug delivery with lower systemic distribution of the

• Materials and methods br Results Assay of

  2020-12-22

  

  Materials and methods Results Assay of botulinum toxin activity is critical for the risk-assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of botulism cases. The frequently encountered active forms of the toxin are; L chain (inside intoxicated neuronal cells), BoNT (in the blood stream of a botulism patient,

• br Material and methods br Results br Discussion A

  2020-12-22

  

  Material and methods Results Discussion A. fumigatus utilizes several virulence factors that facilitate its establishment in human hosts. Among these factors, the best known are hydrolytic enzymes such as proteases and phospholipases, toxins, melanine and catalases that neutralize the react

• br Genes involved in oxysterol metabolism The

  2020-12-22

  

  Genes involved in oxysterol metabolism The main enzymes that participate in the metabolism of oxysterols generally belong into one of two groups: transferases or oxidoreductases [22]. The following chapter describes those genes of oxysterol metabolism whose polymorphisms have been associated with

• tyramide One question relates to our finding that oxysterol

  2020-12-22

  

  One question relates to our finding that oxysterol-GPR183 signaling is critical for CP and ILF formation in the colon but dispensable in the small intestine. GPR183 and its ligand were expressed in both the small and large intestines. Moreover, 7α,25-OHC was required for ILC3 migration to CPs not on

• T16Ainh - A01 synthesis In an effort to discover additional

  2020-12-22

  

  In an effort to discover additional GPCRs directing the migratory events of responding B cells, we identified Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced gene 2 (EBI2) as a promising candidate. The gene encoding EBI2 (Ebi2, also known as Gpr183) was originally identified together with Ebi1 (Ccr7) as the most h

• Cancer patients may develop cachexia a deleterious wasting s

  2020-12-22

  

  Cancer patients may develop cachexia, a deleterious wasting syndrome that is associated with muscle atrophy and has an impact on the well-being of patients and on the response to the treatment. Indeed, cachexia is a devastating and often irreversible syndrome observed in up to 80% of cancer patients

• Chlorothiazide br DUBs in regulation of critical steps in tu

  2020-12-21

  

  DUBs in regulation of critical steps in tumor metastasis Tumor metastasis comprises a complicated series of biological processes in terms of the invasion-metastasis cascade that requires cancer Chlorothiazide to (1) migrate and invade from the origin sites through the extracellular matrix (ECM) t

• The inhibition of NPY cleavage may also

  2020-12-21

  

  The inhibition of NPY cleavage may also contribute to the effect of gliptins on blood pressure [123]: NPY is an agonist of Y1 receptor mediating peripheral vasoconstriction. Interestingly, blood pressure in adult SHRs was not affected by single dose administration of a specific DPP-4i whereas blood

• br Localization of D receptors in striatum

  2020-12-21

  

  Localization of D2 receptors in striatum One characteristic of D2Rs that has complicated their study is their expression in multiple neuronal populations within striatum, both pre- and postsynaptically (Beaulieu and Gainetdinov, 2011). In addition to spiny projection neurons (SPNs), which are the

• Overexpression of EP and DDR has been sporadically reported

  2020-12-21

  

  Overexpression of EP300 and DDR1 has been sporadically reported in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and other fibrotic diseases. Zeng et al. reported that EP300 was increased in TGF-β1 treated lung fibroblasts and mediated decreases of SIRT1 expression. Bhattacharyya et al. found that both EP3

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